Psychological Disorders Essay Example for Free

Mental Disorders Essay Mental Disorder Analysis This mental investigation is about Maria a multi year old Hispanic female who comes into the emotional wellness center griping of feeling anxious constantly, she experiences difficulty resting and is empower to focus on her work as a bookkeeper. These side effects are messing up her at work. There can be numerous reasons for her side effects yet to get to the base of her issue a clinical appraisal, analyze, and legitimate treatment for her issue will be submitted. Maria comes into the facility whining of experiencing difficulty dozing, feeling unsteady constantly, she experiences difficulty focusing on her work which is by all accounts causing an issue. A clinical meeting is done first on Maria to accomplish some foundation data. Clinical meetings questions are 1. What carries her to the facility? 2. When did these sentiments start and did an occasion trigger them? 3. Do these emotions keep going long? 4. What is her relationship with her folks? 5. What is her relationship with her kin? 6. What kind of work does she do? 7. How are her sentimental connections? 8. How was her youth encounters? 9. What satisfies her? 10. Does she have any clinical issues or prescription she is taking? A potential issue is causing her side effects. Since data was not given concerning her experience, family or public activity Maria’s indications agree with Dysthymic Disorder with significant wretchedness (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Dysthymic Disorder is known as twofold misery (Comer, 2011). It has manifestations of incessant and low level sorrow which lessens one’s capacity to work. A few people with Dysthymia experience a sleeping disorder, or hypersomnia, poor craving and indulging. They likewise experience poor focus or experience issues deciding. Some neglect to go to every day cleanliness, some experience low vitality and low confidence which cause them to disregard their day by day obligations or employment duties (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Most state they have been troubled or pitiful the entirety of their lives which cause them not keep up sound connections (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Dysthymia additionally causes changes in feeling, thinking, and physical prosperity (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Dysthymic issue share side effects with significant sadness. The two issue share side effects, for example, rest troubles, modesty, and social withdrawal; poor work performance,â irritability, and strife with loved ones (University Of Phoenix, 2007). The principle distinction between the two issue is the force and length of the turmoil. With significant wretchedness side effects are progressively extreme, for example, the individual might be so discouraged they can't get up and have musings of self destruction though with Dysthymia the downturn is increasingly quieted where the individual can work in some way or another, the individual might be getting up, yet they may not prep themselves (University Of Phoenix, 2007). The other distinction is significant misery needs scenes that keep going for at any rate fourteen days though dysthymic scatter side effects continue for at any rate two years (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Significant gloom is likewise normal with minorities. Minorit y bunches that live underneath destitution or originate from family whose condition was ruined will in general experience the ill effects of melancholy in higher numbers (Comer, 2011). Sex likewise assumes a job in significant despondency ladies are twice as likely as men to get a conclusion of sadness (Comer, 2011). To survey her case the DSM-IV is utilized. As indicated by what Maria says her side effects meet the rules on the DSM-IV. Maria must show two of her manifestations for a time of about fourteen days or more (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Maria didn't demonstrate for this situation concentrate to what extent she had been encountering side effects. The contextual investigation didn't demonstrate Maria’s dress condition or cleanliness neither did it show that she was timid or socially pulled back. Maria may have created dysthymic clutter through a conduct procedure called learned weakness. (College Of Phoenix, 2007). During an analysis hounds were put in a confine with blockades and were presented to an upgrade light which was trailed by a stun (University Of Phoenix, 2007). They adapted rapidly through old style molding to fear the light (University Of Phoenix, 2007). In stage two of the test the stun was killed and when the principal gathering of pooches was presented to the light they hopped over the blockade bouncing to wellbeing (Comer, 2011). At the point when the second gathering of canines experienced an enormous hindrance they couldn't hop from the dread delivering light to wellbeing. At the point when the light went ahead they went around the confine woofing and when they found departure was unimaginable they se t down and whimpered (University Of Phoenix, 2007). In stage 3 of this examination all the boundaries were evacuated, and the canines could escape effectively nonetheless, when the light went ahead the pooches that had been caught put forth no attempt to leave the pen, rather they set down and whimpered (University Of Phoenix, 2007). What the investigation uncovered is the mutts discovered that despite the fact that they can circumvent nothing they can do will improve their conditions so in actuality the pooches figured out how to be defenseless (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Since Maria is Hispanic the multicultural point of view assumes a job. As a result of social standards, family structure, and foundation this ought to be completely considered with minorities. Maria likely developed in a devastate domain. Research shows that Hispanics are bound to live a more unfortunate condition that White American (Comer, 2011). Maria may feel that her life was precondition to remain along these lines despite the fact that she has made a life for herself as a bookkeeper. Much the same as the pooches in her reasoning she feels nothing she can do will change her conditions, despite the fact that she has chances to improve her life she has figured out how to be vulnerable which makes her dismal and discouraged which are mani festations of the confusion (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Multicultural research likewise shows that bias and oppression multicultural gatherings prompts higher tension and misery in minorities (Comer, 2011). Other presumably foundations for Maria’s issue is an organic unevenness or hormonal irregularity like those found in significant melancholy. Natural scholar accepts irregular conduct as a sickness is welcomed on by a breaking down life form in the mind or cerebrum science (Comer, 2011). The cerebrum is comprised of billions of nerve cells called neurons (Comer, 2011). At the point when an electrical drive arrives at a neuron it is invigorated to discharge a specific substance called a synapse which goes to receptors (Comer, 2011). These receptors travel to different neurons advising them to fire or not fire (Comer, 2011). Synapses assume a key job in helping data through the mind. In Maria’s case her synapses might be flawed causing her side effects (Comer, 2011). A hormonal unevenness can likewise trigger wretchedness (C omer, 2011). A woman’s natural life changes as she ages activating diverse hormone levels (Comer, 2011). Albeit hormonal changes can't the only one reason sadness alone significant social and life occasions that happen with adolescence, pregnancy, or menopause can (Comer, 2011). To treat dysthymic clutter organic medicines, for example, psychotherapy and drugs like Prozac and Tofranil have demonstrated to be useful in decreasing manifestations (University Of Phoenix, 2007). An assortment of psychotherapeutic methodologies can fill in too. Psychological social treatment can challenge Marias unreasonable ideas,â pessimistic desires and self-basic assessments (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Treatment can assist her with having a progressively uplifting attitude toward her life, and can assist her with prioritizing the two chances and difficulties concerning her life (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Multicultural medications, for example, culture-touchy treatment can be utilized in which the advisor tends to issues looked by minority gatherings (Comer, 2011). What's more social arranged treatment can assist her with adjusting better adapting abilities and assist her with conveying all the more successfully with companions and colleagues (University Of Phoenix, 2007). For this situation study Maria went to the emotional wellness facility grumbling of experiencing difficulty dozing, feeling jittery constantly, a powerlessness to focus on her work as a bookkeepe r. Inquiries questions were solicited which lead to a finding from dysthymic scatter with significant wretchedness. Likely explanations for her issue are established in a neuro substance lopsidedness or a took in powerlessness from her condition (University Of Phoenix, 2007). Treatment for dysthymic scatter is psychotherapy and medicine to decrease the indications (University Of Phoenix, 2007).

How to Proofread an Essay Tips, Examples, Mistakes

How to Proofread an Essay Tips, Examples, Mistakes A Perfect Essay: Proofread It Now Proofreading is the last stage of preparing your essay. Here you check the text for grammar mistakes, misspelling, lack of any words and other similar things. Don’t think it’s too easy that you can do it in a few seconds. The human mind works the way that it doesn’t notice if there are letters missing in the word when looking through the text. Or it can draw a complete picture in your mind even if some details are missing in the text. How to proofread an argument essay? Many students don’t care about the proofreading and let the software do the job. However, they get negative reviews of their essays. It’s clear that you feel tired and a bit exhausted after writing the essay, but proofreading essay is something that you cannot refuse doing. Your teacher won’t appreciate your hard work if there are no commas or no articles where needed. How to proofread and edit my essay? It takes time. And it can take a lot of your time. So be ready for it. Proofreading is something more than viewing the text with your eyes, we’ll give you some tips to make the process faster rand less painful. So how to proofread an essay? Keep a Proofreader’s log It’s impossible to notice every single mistake in a big text. So you should try to learn what kind of mistakes you make more often and you will take care of them first in the new essay. Write down all your grammar and spelling mistakes on a separate sheet of paper and calculate the repeating ones. Now think how you can correct them and avoid repeating them in the future. Read aloud When you’re reading aloud, your ears turn into the error locators. The tempo of your reading becomes slower so you can notice the mistakes you haven’t caught with your eyes. You can ask your friend to read the essay and listen to how it’s being read. If your friend can’t read it fluently, there might be a problem with the sentences structure or some words are missing. Use a spellchecker Use it to proofread your essay online for free or for money. It’s up to you. Or you can use the software that you will install onto your computer. Don’t worry, no one ever uses the texts that you give them for checking. It’s not saved until you want it. However, keep in mind that the word can be written correctly from the point of view of the spell checker, but it has a wrong letter. Print it If it’s too difficult for you to proofread my college essay in front of your screen, you can print it. You can use a pen, a pencil, a highlighter or anything else that you want. You can try each mean to see what fits you most of all. And you don’t have to sit by the table to look for mistakes. Your body should be relaxed and in a comfortable position. Typical mistakes that students make Now you know how to check the text for errors. But what are the most popular kinds of mistakes that most students make in their essays? Let’s take a close look at college essay proofreading. No thesis. It means you haven’t presented the topic of the essay and your attitude towards it. Put a thesis in the last sentence of the first paragraph. No evidence. It means there’s nothing that could prove your opinion. You have to prove your ideas with the quotes from books, magazines or newspapers. No conclusion. It means that you’ve only stated some thoughts and some evidence and you haven’t summarized everything. Add a little paragraph at the end of the essay where you should sum up all your ideas. No structure. It means there are no separate introduction, body and conclusion. You shouldn’t make too big paragraphs as they are hard to read. Break the text into logical units to make it look better. No transitions. It means that paragraphs have nothing in common. You should end each paragraph with the beginning of the next one and you should begin a new paragraph with the ending of the previous one. No proper punctuation. Commas separate two clauses in one sentence. You can use it for listing items. And so on. Be careful with each sentence. The longer it is the more punctuation marks will be needed. Submit your essay for proofreading If you lack time or efforts, don’t kill your nerves and give your essay to an expert for proofreading. You will get this job done very quickly. Proofreading is not the same as writing and you cannot always notice that you’ve made a mistake. Let an experienced proofreader (yes, there’s such a job besides writers) look through your work, criticize it if needed and correct all the mistakes. If you wish, your mistakes can be commented so you won’t repeat them in the future. So relax and have some rest, you deserve it after writing the essay.

Back to the Future Wordsworths Ode to Duty and Elegiac Stanzas - Literature Essay Samples

A past attitude is reverted to and revised in Wordsworths Ode to Duty and Elegiac Stanzas. Employing geographic metaphors, both celestial and earth-bound, the poems climb over rocky Wordsworthian terrain that details his reconciliation between past and present and implications of the future. Though vastly different stylistically‹Ode to Duty utilizes an antiquated verse form and language, while Elegiac Stanzas is written in Wordsworths beloved language of men‹and in the internal willfulness on the poets part to change versus reaction to external stimuli, the poems parallel in their desires for resolution of a disarrayed soul via the calming sublime power of either an abstract concept or a naturalistic piece of art.Wordsworth deviates from his course of democratic poetry in Ode to Duty by exercising a classical form, the ode, and manipulating the elevated language it affords the poet. Even the opening quote is from a Greek source, Seneca, which foreshadows the poems anachron istic call to duty. The poem is divided into seven tetrameter octets, of which the final line is Alexandrine. The French origins of the Alexandrine line further confuse the poems miscegenational heritage, and conspire with the missing eighth stanza (were the poem to have an orderly arrangement of eight syllables per line, eight lines per stanza, eight stanzas total) to cast an ambiguous shadow over Wordsworths conception of duty. As suggested by the allusion to Seneca and the ode form, it is one of poetic duty without ever calling attention to the act of writing poetry.Similarly, Elegiac Stanzas confronts the death of Wordsworths brother by only slightly focusing on the actual death but instead turning its attentions to the vacillating emotional responses to a painting. The bouncy abab rhyme scheme and standard iambic pentameter accentuates Wordsworths initial rose-colored reaction, then later heightens the tension of his haunting observations. The short quatrains aid the mercu rial shifts of the emotional poet, more so than the lengthy stanzas of Ode to Duty which dwell on single concepts. The stanzaic breaks lend the impression of a longer poem, though Elegiac Stanzas has only six more lines than Ode to Duty. The montage effect also mirrors the composition of the subject matter; just as a painting is a composite of several pigments, brush-strokes, and impressions, so is Elegiac Stanzas a patchwork collection of complementary and opposing thoughts. And, as the paintings impact on Wordsworth grew from simple acceptance to complex musings, so, too, can the quatrains be interpreted as neat organizations, or chaotic sequences.The struggle between chaos and calmness is at the heart of Ode to Duty. With an allusion to Milton and through the odes archaic language and form, Wordsworth connotes dutys rigidity: Stern Daughter of the Voice of God!/ O Duty! if that name thou love (1-2). The rigidity is a divine shepherd for the errant and infirm: Who art a light to guide, a rod/ To check the erringŠ/ And calmst the weary strife of frail humanity (3-4, 8). Wordsworth deploys a travel conceit to describe his youthful, independent straying: I, loving freedom, and untried;/ No sport of every random gust,/ Yet being to myself a guide,/ Too blindly have reposed my trust (25-8). Without an able guide, the autonomous voyager is blind. This is echoed in Elegiac Stanzas, as the poet contends that simple happiness, wherever it be known,/ Is to be pitied; for ÂÅ'tis surely blind (55-6). The developed person welcomes frequent sights of what is to be borne!/ Such sights, or worse, as are before me here, though the visions may distress him (58-9). The parallel to completeness of character in Ode to Duty is suggested by the antithetical, constricting grip duty applies to windy freedom: And oft, when in my heart was heard/ Thy timely mandate, I deferred/ The task, in smoother walks to stray;/ But thee I now would serve more strictly, if I may (29- 32).Wordsworths deferential inquiry sounds a note in the chorus of the poems obeisance motif. His desire to mend his ways was brought about Through no disturbance of my soul,/ Or strong compunction in me wroughtŠ/ But in the quietness of thought (33-4, 36). The poems devotion to an abstract concept exemplifies the willful internality of the poets decision. This internality leads the poet to supplicate for thy control, an act that shifts the poem into the religious territory of reverence. Indeed, Wordsworth subtly raises his travel conceit from the earth to the heavens. In the quietness of thought, a time that is often reserved for prayer, he decides that Me this unchartered freedom tires;/ I feel the weight of chance-desires (37-8). The unmapped liberalism of random urges weighs him down and bounds him to the earth; the austere and personified guardian of duty, on the other hand, steps lightly between the earth and the sky: Nor know we anything so fair/ As is the smile upon thy face;/ Flowers laugh before thee on their beds/ And fragrance in thy footing treads;/ Thou dost preserve the stars from wrong;/ And the most ancient heavens, through Thee, are fresh and strong (43-8). The craving for a repose that ever is the same, a constancy that may, in the future, hold for him a blissful course, is made salient in the comparison to stars, long regarded as shapers of destiny (40, 21). The repose here means sleep, whereas in the fourth stanza reposed my trust means to store. The analogy here is not lost on Wordsworth‹to place ones trust only in oneself and not a higher source is to slumber peacefully and ignorantly.Blissful slumber is Wordsworths critique of his former self in Elegiac Stanzas. His memory of Peele Castle is an unwavering one that he saw every day; and all the while/ Thy Form was sleeping on a glassy sea (3-4). The reminiscence of the castle evokes images of constancy: So pure the sky, so quiet the air!/ So like, so very like, was day to day! (5-6) The anaphoric use of so lulls the reader into a repetitive dream-state, one in which it seemed no sleep;/ No mood, which season takes away, or brings; his former self was locked into an oppressive stagnancy of disposition, one quite different from the helpful guiding hand of duty in Ode to Duty (9-10). Whereas wind blew the young Wordsworth in his exploration, wind is an impotent force of nature in his construct of the castle: No motion but the moving tide, a breeze,/ Or merely silent Natures breathing life (27-8).The speakers renewal charges his once-complacent view of nature with a brutal and morbid electricity that stresses its adjectives with caesurae and subverts the rote iambic meter: And this huge Castle, standing here sublime,/ I love to see the look with which it braves,/ Cased in the unfeeling armour of old time,/ The lightning, the fierce wind, and trampling waves (stresses in bold) (49-52). The analogy between the stoic castle and the stolid Wordsworth wh o must accept his brothers death are apparent, but more subtle is the storms visibility and palpability that results in a possible pun: O ÂÅ'tis a passionate Work!‹yet wise and well,/ Well chosen is the spirit that is here;/ That hulk which labours in the deadly swell,/ This rueful sky, this pageantry of fear! (45-8) The zeugma of well, as both a signifier of healthiness and of quality, connotes a third meaning, that of a physical well of water. Under this assumption, the hulk which labours in the deadly swell carries the image of chaos lurking within the supposedly safe confines of a well, another exhibition of chaos contained within comfort. What is more, the underground associations of the well polarize the elevated rueful sky, pointing again to the hectic battleground of the speakers emotions.As for the cause of the two divergent roads in Wordsworths yellow wood of art criticism, the shipwrecked death of his brother is the culprit. The Freudian implications of the nightm arishly imagined death in a violent storm are clear enough, but what distinguishes this revised attitude from that in Ode to Duty is the lack of choice in the matter. Unlike his pleasant supplication to duty, the speaker has now submitted to a new control:/ A power is gone, which nothing can restore;/ A deep distress hath humanised my Soul (34-6). His dependence on external forces, especially those of fickle nature, stand in stark contrast with the utter blankness of the poems first half, and the rapid series of quatrains form the connective tissue in his emotional repairs. His own caprices shine through in the second to last stanza, after having praised the stolidity of the castle but condemning his own previous and passive response: Farewell, farewell the heart that lives alone,/ Housed in a dream, at distance from the Kind! (53-4) He has turned 180 degrees; from calmness layered over calmness to calmness within the storm, the poet has managed to mine catharsis and rebirth out of tragedy.There was no apparent tragedy in Ode to Duty, but perhaps Wordsworth felt mankind was on the verge of one. His feelings toward the French Revolution had soured, and he may have found the new liberation and fraternity being portioned out in unequal measures in poetry. Change is a good thing, both Ode to Duty and Elegiac Stanzas suggest, but only when adopted in the quietness of thought; otherwise, rash decisions only mirror the frenzied environments out of which they grew. Whether or not Ode to Duty or Elegiac Stanzas have veiled political agendas is unclear; what is ingenious is Wordsworths ability to deliver so many comparable messages in such contrary envelopes.

What is Love - 559 Words

How can we define this little word, well according to the dictionary love is a feeling of strong affection for a person. (Merriam-Webster) In my opinion, love is a conjunction of different feelings altogether, when a person is in love they feel happy, sad, excited, and scared everything at the same time. What I am trying to say is that for me there is not real definition for love because nobody can really explain the mix of feelings that happened when one is in love. According to one of Latterell’s assumptions love conquers all, she says that, â€Å"true love will survive in the face of any differences or obstructions that could potentially keep two people apart.†(326) For me this occurs because when you are in love, you feel indestructible, like you can fight against the world, and this kind of feeling is more powerful than any other thing we ever felt before. Not only that but we grow up with this preconceived idea that been in love makes you complete, and that you only going to be happy if you fall in love with your prince or princess and live happily ever after, which cannot be far from the true. Do no t get me wrong true love does exist but you do not need to fall in love to find happiness. In today’s world, people have different ideas what love is or what is supposed be and feel like. For instances one of my classmates Daniel Brown says that, â€Å"if love is really true it should last forever but we would never be hundred percent sure if is real love†, another one of myShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Love? What It Is?1527 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Love? When asked the question â€Å"What is Love?† what are some of the first things that come to mind? Some people might say it is an emotion that we experience when we interact with the world around us. 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Also, love can have a different definitionRead MoreWhat is love?872 Words   |  3 PagesLove and passion is the burning sensation that drives humans to lead their lives into new horizons: following the heart hoping it will guide the way. Janie, the lead character in the book, Their Eyes Were Watching God, written by Zora Neale Hurston, is suppressed by family, and two different husband too, only to find pain and sorrow by not following her heart until she is freed by a man who loves her deeply with only one thing on his mind, to protect and love her like nobody else before. ThroughRead MoreWhat Is Love?1080 Words   |  4 PagesTwelfth Night is love. The notion of love is important to the plot as many of the characters are driven by love. There are multiple forms of love depicted throughout the play; each character represents a different type of love. Viola displays a patient, sincere, and enduring love for Orsion as well as a deep familial love for her brother. 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People have said they have fallen in love before meeting in person, thanks to the InternetRead MoreWhat is Love? Essay571 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Love? Love, love, love, we hear it every day, every where , it is used so often that we don’t really give it a thought. The question that needs to be answered is what really is love? Was love created so that hate can be suppressed? Is love something that both man and woman hope for when their world comes crashing down on them? Does love help relief pain and suffering felt by victims of natural disasters? Aphrodite, Venus, Cupid, and Eros were well know as the gods of love and sex by

A Guide to Dantes 9 Circles of Hell

Dante’s Inferno is the first part of his three-part epic poem The Divine Comedy, written in the 14th century and considered one of the world’s great works of literature. Inferno is followed by Purgatorio and Paradiso. Those approaching Inferno for the first time might benefit from a brief structural description. This is Dante’s journey through the nine circles of Hell, guided by the poet Virgil.  At the beginning of the story, a woman, Beatrice, calls for an angel to bring Virgil to guide Dante in his journey so that no harm will befall him. Nine Circles of Hell Here are the circles of hell in order of entrance and severity: Limbo: Where those who never knew Christ exist. Dante encounters ​Ovid, Homer, Socrates, Aristotle, Julius Caesar, and more here.Lust: Self-explanatory.  Dante encounters Achilles, Paris, Tristan, Cleopatra, and Dido, among others.Gluttony:  Where those who overindulge exist.  Dante encounters ordinary people here, not characters from epic poems or gods from mythology. The author  Boccaccio took one of these characters, Ciacco, and incorporated him into his 14th-century collection of tales called The Decameron.Greed: Self-explanatory. Dante encounters more ordinary people but also the guardian of the circle, Pluto, the mythological king of the Underworld.  This circle is reserved for people who hoarded or squandered their money, but Dante and Virgil do not directly interact with any of its inhabitants. This is the first time they pass through a circle without speaking to anyone, a commentary on Dante’s opinion of greed as a higher sin.Anger: Dante and Virgil a re threatened by the Furies when they try to enter through the walls  of Dis (Satan). This is a  further progression in Dante’s evaluation of the nature of sin; he also begins to question himself and his own life, realizing his actions and nature could lead him to this permanent torture.  Heresy: Rejection of religious and/or political â€Å"norms.†Ã‚  Dante encounters Farinata degli Uberti, a military leader and aristocrat who tried to win the Italian throne and was convicted posthumously of heresy in 1283. Dante also meets Epicurus, Pope Anastasius II, and Emperor Frederick II.Violence:  This is the first circle to be further segmented into sub-circles or rings. There are three of them—the Outer, Middle, and Inner rings—housing different types of violent criminals.  The first are those who were violent against people and property, such as Attila the Hun.  Centaurs guard this Outer Ring and shoot its inhabitants with arrows.  The Middle Rin g consists of those who commit violence against themselves (suicide).  These sinners are perpetually eaten by Harpies.  The Inner Ring is made up of the blasphemers, or those who are violent against God and nature. One of these sinners is  Brunetto  Latini, a sodomite, who was Dante’s own mentor. (Dante speaks kindly to him.) The usurers are also here, as are those who blasphemed not just against God but also the gods, such as Capaneus, who blasphemed against Zeus.Fraud: This circle is distinguished from its predecessors by being made up of those who consciously and willingly commit fraud.  Within the eighth circle is another called the Malebolge  (â€Å"Evil Pockets†), which houses 10 separate bolgias  (â€Å"ditches†). In these exist types of those who commit fraud: panderers/seducers; flatterers; simoniacs  (those who sell ecclesiastical preferment); sorcerers/astrologers/false prophets; barrators  (corrupt politicians); hypocrites; thieves; false counselors/advisers; schismatics (those who separate religions to form new ones); and alchemists/counterfeiters, perjurers, impersonators, etc.  Each bolgia  is guarded by different demons, and the inhabitants suffer different punishments, such as the simoniacs, who stand head-first in stone bowls and endure flames upon their feet.Treachery:  The deepest circle of Hell, where Satan resides.  As with the last two circles, this one is further divided, into four rounds. The first is Caina, named after the biblical Cain, who murdered his brother.  This round is for traitors to family.  The second, Antenora—from Antenor of Troy, who betrayed the Greeks—is reserved for political/national traitors. The third is Ptolomaea for Ptolemy, son of Abubus, who is known for inviting Simon Maccabaeus and his sons to dinner and then murdering them.  This round is for hosts who betray their guests; they are punished more harshly because of the belief that having gues ts means entering into a voluntary relationship, and betraying a relationship willingly entered is more despicable than betraying a relationship born into.  The fourth round is Judecca, after Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Christ. This round is reserved for traitors to their lords/benefactors/masters. As in the previous circle, the subdivisions each have their own demons and punishments. Center of Hell After making their way through all nine circles of Hell, Dante and Virgil reach the center of Hell. Here they meet Satan, who is described as a three-headed beast.  Each mouth is busy eating a specific person: the left mouth is eating Brutus, the right is eating Cassius, and the center mouth is eating Judas Iscariot.  Brutus and Cassius betrayed and caused the murder of Julius Caesar, while Judas did the same to Christ.  These are the ultimate sinners, in Dante’s opinion, as they consciously committed acts of treachery against their lords, who were appointed by God.

Definition and Examples of the Straw Man Fallacy

The straw man is a  fallacy in which an opponents argument is overstated or misrepresented in order to be more easily attacked or refuted. The technique often takes quotes out of context or, more often, incorrectly paraphrases or summarizes an opponents position. Then after defeating the position, the attacker claims to have beaten the real thing. Although the term straw man is a recent coinage, the concept is ancient. In the Topics, Aristotle acknowledges that in argument it would be inappropriate to interpret as someones position an opinion that he did not express or is not committed to, in virtue of what he said, according to Douglas Walton in Methods of Argumentation. The name of the fallacy represents the idea that although a straw man may look like a human, it wont put up any resistance in a fight. The straw man fallacy also goes by the name Aunt Sally, particularly in Great Britain. Straw Man in Commercials Commercials make use of straw man fallacies. In the famous Wheres the beef? Wendys restaurant advertising campaign, the commercials exaggerate the tiny amount of meat that other chains use in their burgers to show how much bigger and better its burgers are. Straw Man in Politics Straw man has always been the stock-in-trade of advertisers and political smear campaigns, illustrates authors Nancy Cavender and Howard Kahane in their book Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric. A group called Common Sense Issues made a million automated phone calls to voters in the 2008 South Carolina primaries claiming that John McCain has voted to use unborn babies in medical research. This was a gross distortion of his position to support research on stem cells gathered from embryos. During the 2016 presidential campaign, Donald Trump claimed that Hillary Clinton was for open borders. He took a comment out of context from a speech she gave to a Brazilian bank about trade and energy to twist it into a statement that preyed on some peoples fears of increased undocumented immigration. He claimed she wanted people to be able to enter the border without going through any kind of process at all, which she said was not true. His sound-bite distortion likely had an effect on voters, as immigration was a big issue in the campaign, and his repetition of the claim was easier to remember than her stances about nuances in the complex issue. Sometimes people morph the straw man into a warning about a slippery slope where allowing one side to win would put humanity on a course of destruction. Any time someone begins an attack with So youre saying we should all just... or Everyone knows..., you can bet a straw man is coming, wrote author David McRaney in the book, You Are Not So Smart. Straw men can also be born out of ignorance. If someone says, Scientists tell us we all come from monkeys, and thats why I homeschool, this person is using a straw man, because science doesnt say we all come from monkeys. Countering the Straw Man To refute a straw man attack during a debate, point out the fallacy and how it is incorrect. If you ignore it, and the attacker keeps harping on it, the real issue could get buried in the straw. If you try and defend what the opponent said is your position, it gets increasingly difficult to show how the opponent distorted your views. Sources Cavender, Nancy and Howard Kahane. Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric. 12th ed., Wadsworth, 2014. McRaney, David. You Are Not So Smart.  Gotham Books, 2011. Walton, Douglas. Methods of Argumentation. Cambridge University Press, 2013.

macbeth plot analysis - 727 Words

01.08 Macbeth Plot Analysis Graphic Organizer Plot Elements Element Definition Act in the Play Exposition: The beginning of the play in which the characters and settings are introduced and initial conflicts are also presented. Act 1 Rising Action: The point of the play in which the initial story gets more complicated and the conflict is more revealed. Act 2 Climax: The highest point and also the turning point of the story in which many of the initial situations change. Act 3 Falling Action: The point of the story in which the conflicts and complications start to get resolved. Act 4 Resolution: The conclusion part of the story in which the outcomes of the story are†¦show more content†¦Banquo and Donalbain! Malcolm! awake! Shake off this downy sleep, death’s counterfeit, And look on death itself! up, up, and see The great doom s image! Malcolm! Banquo!† 2. This event is the rising action in which the conflict is more complicated sets up the chain events for the climax action to occur. Also the killing of King Duncan will allow Macbeth to be the King and foreshadows his will to commit more murders. Event Text Support Why is it important to the story? 3. After the Killing of the King, Macbeth worries a lot about the revelations of his actions and Lady Macbeth is trying to cheer and stop worrying, but his fear of the witches’ prophecy about Banquo’s desire to seize the throne makes Macbeth gather a group to murder him. 3. Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth to stop thinking about the things which cannot be changed: â€Å" Things without all remedy should be without regard.† Also after the killing of Bonquo, Macbeth is paranoid and behaves strangely: â€Å" Thou canst not say I did it: never shake thy gory locks at me.† 3. The importance of this event is the evidence of the previous foreshadowings of Macbeth’s ambitions of power which has brought him higher ambitions such as murdering the ones who disagree with him or doubt his loyalty. Reflection Choose one of the events you added to your graphic organizer and think about why it is an important piece of the plot. FocusShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Macbeth Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Macbeth Macbeth, is one of the greatest tragedy plays written by William Shakespeare. It is a rather short play with a major plot that we had to follow it carefully to understand its significance. The play is a tragedy about evil rising to power, which ends up corrupting the main characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In the opening of the play Macbeth is introduced to the audience as Thane of Glamis and is respected. The witches also play a major part in theRead MoreDiscrepancies and Similarities between Shakespeares The Tragedy of Macbeth and History816 Words   |  4 Pagessequence of events. The Tragedy of Macbeth displays Macbeth, a zealous thane, and his successful homicide which results in his succession of the throne and his downfall. 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